Couplet
Year
Duration
Instrumentation
Genre
Source
1985
Duration
4'14
Instrumentation
guitar, violoncello
×
Explanation of the instrumentation string
| Abbreviation | Instrument | Guitar(s) and other plucked instruments |
|---|---|
| bal | balalaika |
| bgtr | bass guitar |
| bjo | banjo |
| egtr | electric guitar |
| gtr | guitar |
| gtr (ampl.) | amplified guitar |
| hrp | harp |
| mand | mandolin |
| uke | ukulele | Woodwinds |
| afl | alto flute |
| asax | alto saxophone |
| barsax | baritone saxophone |
| bcl | bass clarinet |
| bsax | bass saxophone |
| bsthn | basset horn |
| cl | clarinet |
| corA | cor anglais |
| dbcl | contrabass clarinet (or double bass clarinet) |
| dbn | contrabassoon (or double bassoon) |
| Ebcl | E-flat clarinet |
| fl | flute |
| heck | heckelphone |
| ob | oboe |
| obda | oboe d'amore |
| picc | piccolo |
| rec | recorder |
| sarrus | sarrusophone |
| sax | saxophone |
| ssax | soprano saxophone |
| tsax | tenor saxophone | Brass |
| bgl | bugle |
| btrbn | bass trombone |
| crt | cornet |
| euph | euphonium |
| flghn | fluegel horn |
| hn | horn |
| picctpt | piccolo trumpet |
| tpt | trumpet |
| trbn | trombone |
| tba | tuba |
| Wtba | Wagner tuba | Percussion |
| cim | cimbalom |
| drkit | drum kit |
| glsp | glockenspiel |
| mba | marimba |
| perc | percussion |
| tamb | tambourine |
| timp | timpani |
| vib | vibraphone |
| xyl | xylophone | Keyboards |
| cel | celesta |
| eorg | electric organ |
| epft | electric piano |
| harm | harmonium |
| Horg | Hammond organ |
| hpsd | harpsichord |
| kybd | keyboard |
| org | organ |
| pft | piano |
| prep pft | prepared piano |
| synth | synthesizer | Strings |
| db | double bass (or contra bass) |
| evln | electric violin |
| strgs | strings |
| vla | viola |
| vlada | viola d'amore |
| vlc | violoncello |
| vln | violin | Vocal |
| A | (Contr)alto |
| B | Bass |
| Bar | baritone |
| MS | mezzo-soprano |
| S | soprano |
| T | tenor | Other |
| acc | accordion |
| ocar | ocarina |
| oM | Ondes Martinot |
Explanation
|
The standard, accepted order of instrumentation for large ensembles: fl.ob.cl.bsn - hn.tpt.trbn.tba - perc - other - vlnI.vlnII.vla.vlc.db - tape, or electronics. Saxophones appear between clarinet and bassoon.
All other scorings (less than 8 instruments) are listed in full. When an instrument is listed in parentheses, then this instrument is doubled. "guitar (=electric guitar)" means that the guitarist plays an acoustic, as well as an electric guitar. In an orchestral setting, "1(I=picc).2(II=corA).2(II=bcl).1" would resolve to: 1 flute (also playing piccolo), 2 oboes (second oboe also playing cor anglais), 2 clarinets (second clarinet also playing bass clarinet), 1 bassoon. If there is an extra instrument, which is not doubled, then this is expressly written out, e.g. "1(I=picc).2.corA.2.bcl.1.dbn", which unravels to: 1 flute (also playing piccolo), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 1 bass clarinet, 1 bassoon, 1 double bassoon. Solo instruments in a concerto or chamber setting are written out in front of the ensemble instruments: guitar - 1.1.1.1 - 1.0.0.0 - perc - strgs. |
Chamber Music
Source
Estonian Music Information Centre website;